Restart mysqld

Options:

   > sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart         # Old way
   > sudo service mysqld restart            # New way
   > mysqladmin -u root -p restart          # Safe way

Enable remote access

Enable external IP.

   > sudo vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf

Find lines:

   skip-external-locking
   # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
   # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
   bind-address       = 127.0.0.1

Change to:

   #skip-external-locking
   bind-address        = 11.22.33.44

Where '11.22.33.44' is the server's external ip.

Restart mysqld.

Let mysql pass through iptables

Source

   > sudo iptables -I INPUT -p udp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
   > sudo iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 --syn -j ACCEPT
   > sudo iptables-save

Access denied during restart

source

Symptoms:

   > sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart
   * Stopping MySQL database server mysqld [fail]
   * Starting MySQL database server mysqld [ OK ]

Resolution:

Find user and password with:

   > sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf

Looks something like this:

   [client]
   ..
   user     = debian-sys-maint
   password = n4aSHUP04s1J32X5

The same values are under section [mysql_upgrade]

Log into mysql and issue the following:

   > GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'debian-sys-maint'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'n4aSHUP04s1J32X5';

Restart mysqld.

mysqladmin usage

As with regular client:

   > mysqladmin -u root -p <command>

Can also be used to restart.

Installing MariaDB

Using apt-get
In addition. in /etc/mysql/my.cnf:
- Change the port number to 3307, client as well as server
- Set the location of the socket to /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock, client as well as server
- Remove ALL the previous tables (do mysql_dump beforehand)
- For good measure, sudo delete all files in /var/lib/mysql, but not the dir's.

MySql